Human settlements are the establishment of human presence, shaping how people live, work, and connect with their surroundings. From the ancient indigenous villages to the crowded cities of the twenty-first century, human settlements bear witness to humanity’s capacity to alter, create, and flourish. These gaps are not only places where people stay, but they are also the moments of civilisation, where culture is modernised, economic development is promoted and societies are developed. From ancient caverns to diverging cities, the creation of settlements has highlighted the intelligence of humans, flexibility and journey to growth. However, as the worldwide population increases and